Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm that structures software design around objects. Objects encapsulate data (attributes) and behavior (methods), making code reusable, modular, and maintainable.
🔹 Why OOP?
✅ Encourages code reuse
✅ Improves scalability
✅ Enhances maintainability
📌 Design Patterns are proven solutions to common software design problems. They provide standardized best practices to help developers create efficient, flexible, and scalable applications.
This repository is a comprehensive guide to Object-Oriented Design Patterns, categorized into Creational, Structural, and Behavioral patterns. Each pattern includes detailed explanations and implementations in Java, Python, and JavaScript.
| ⚡ Concept | 💡 Description |
|---|---|
| 🔒 Encapsulation | Bundles data and methods together while restricting direct access. |
| 🎭 Abstraction | Hides implementation details and exposes only necessary functionality. |
| 🧬 Inheritance | Allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class. |
| 🔄 Polymorphism | Enables objects to be treated as instances of their parent class while executing specific behaviors. |
These fundamentals form the base of Design Patterns, ensuring well-structured and maintainable code.
| 🏆 Benefit | 💡 Description |
|---|---|
| 🔹 Code Reusability | Avoid redundant code by using established solutions. |
| 🔹 Maintainability | Makes code easier to modify and debug. |
| 🔹 Scalability | Helps applications evolve with requirements. |
| 🔹 Collaboration | Improves teamwork using common design strategies. |
📦 Focus: Object creation mechanisms to improve flexibility & reuse.
| 🏗️ Pattern | 🔍 Description |
|---|---|
| Singleton | Ensures only one instance of a class exists globally. |
| Factory Method | Creates objects without specifying exact classes. |
| Builder | Separates complex object construction from its representation. |
| Prototype | Clones existing objects instead of creating new ones. |
| Abstract Factory | Creates families of related objects without defining specific classes. |
🏗 Focus: Organizing objects & structures efficiently.
| 🏛️ Pattern | 🔍 Description |
|---|---|
| Adapter | Allows incompatible interfaces to work together. |
| Composite | Organizes objects into hierarchical structures (tree-like format). |
| Decorator | Dynamically adds extra functionality to objects. |
| Facade | Provides a simplified interface for complex subsystems. |
| Proxy | Controls access to objects (e.g., caching, security). |
| Bridge | Decouples abstraction from implementation for flexibility. |
| Flyweight | Reduces memory usage by sharing objects instead of creating new ones. |
🔄 Focus: Managing object interactions and communication.
| 🧠 Pattern | 🔍 Description |
|---|---|
| Observer | Defines a dependency between objects, updating changes automatically. |
| Strategy | Enables interchangeable algorithms for dynamic selection. |
| State | Allows objects to change behavior based on state. |
| Command | Encapsulates requests as objects for flexible execution. |
| Visitor | Allows adding new operations without modifying existing objects. |
| Iterator | Provides a standardized way to traverse collections. |
| Mediator | Centralizes communication between objects. |
| Memento | Captures an object’s state for restoration later. |
| Template Method | Defines an algorithm structure while allowing subclass customization. |
| Chain of Responsibility | Passes requests along a chain of handlers. |
| Interpreter | Defines a grammar for evaluating expressions. |
1️⃣ 📌 Concept – Overview & key idea.
2️⃣ 🚀 Motivation & Real-Life Example – Why it’s needed & real-world scenario.
3️⃣ 🔍 Main Components – Key elements & interactions.
4️⃣ 📊 UML Diagram & Code Example – Visual structure & sample code.
5️⃣ 💡 Real-World Usage – Practical applications.
6️⃣ ⚠️ Limitations & Pitfalls – Common challenges & solutions.
7️⃣ 🔹 Software Design Principles – Related design principles.
8️⃣ 📝 Summary - Quick Recap – Key takeaways for revision.
💡 Conclusion – Final insights & recommendations.
📌 Explore the patterns in separate markdown files for clarity and organization.
📌 Contribute – Feel free to add examples, explanations, or improvements!